Dr. Ani Fiani, M.Pd Pengarang

Teaching how to write paragraphs is still a big part of EFL/ESL teaching because learning how to write better in university starts with learning how to write paragraphs. Research indicates that numerous EFL students struggle with the structural components of paragraphs, such as crafting a topic sentence, ensuring the coherence of ideas, and their development, thereby impeding their overall fluency in writing (Setiani et al., 2025). Research in EFL contexts reveals that students frequently encounter linguistic and cognitive difficulties, such as grammar, vocabulary choice, and logical concept organization, necessitating targeted instructional focus (Amrullah et al., 2023). To meet the needs of all students and help them learn the right way, good resources and instructional design are also needed (Hasbi et al., 2025a). For example, project-based or process-oriented approaches are good (Ilham, 2024) or metacognitive strategy instruction (Riwayatiningsih et al., 2024; Fiani, 2020)